PDF page geometry: boxes and rotation
Understand how PDF page boxes and the rotation entry affect display, print, and layout tools.
Continue with PDF Page Geometry Inspector, PDF Merger, PDF Splitter · Reference
The page boxes
MediaBox defines the page extent. CropBox defines the region displayed or printed by default. BleedBox, TrimBox, and ArtBox provide production and content boundaries when a document uses them.
A page can have different boxes, and optional boxes may inherit or fall back according to the PDF page tree. Inspecting every page reveals where a document is inconsistent.
Rotation is separate
- Rotate is a page instruction in degrees, normally a multiple of 90.
- Rotation changes presentation orientation without changing the stored box coordinates.
- Always inspect both rotation and boxes when a page looks sideways or has unexpected print margins.
References
Related tools
- PDF Page Geometry InspectorInspect PDF page rotation and page-box geometry locally.
- PDF MergerCombine multiple PDF files into one document in your browser.
- PDF SplitterExtract selected pages or page ranges into a new PDF locally.